This influence can seriously Restrict the efficiency of nonlinear frequency conversion processes, significantly when employing tightly focused laser beams.

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For propagation along the optical axis, the electrical subject can only be perpendicular to that axis, to ensure one particular obtains the normal index for virtually any polarization course. In that condition, no birefringence is seasoned.

In other situations, birefringence can be induced in initially isotropic optical elements (e.g. crystals with cubic composition, Eyeglasses or polymers) may become anisotropic as a result of the applying of some external impact which breaks the symmetry:

The normal and incredible wavefronts in uniaxial crystals coincide at either the gradual or maybe the rapidly axis from the ellipsoid, based upon the distribution of refractive indices within the crystal (illustrated in Determine six). The optical route variance or relative retardation involving these rays is decided through the lag of one wave guiding another in area wavefronts alongside the propagation direction.

In laser technological know-how and nonlinear optics, the phenomenon of birefringence happens largely during the context of non-isotropic crystals:

Figure 7 illustrates a birefringent read more (anisotropic) crystal placed amongst two polarizers whose vibration Instructions are oriented perpendicular to one another (and lying in directions indicated from the arrows beside the polarizer and analyzer labels).

文献中，双折射通常包含两种不同的含义。经典光学中，就是下面所说的双折射（double refraction）。

光纤和其它波导中，采用有效折射率差值描述更好。这与传播常数虚部的差值直接相关。 

Furthermore, HgBr2 may be conveniently grown less than delicate circumstances and stay stable in air for prolonged periods. Studying the birefringent properties of HgBr2 crystals would supply new Strategies for future exploration of vast-spectrum birefringent materials.

而在非线性光学和激光器技术中，双折射则是一些非各向同性透明介质的折射率依赖于偏振方向（即电场方向）的性质。后者的性质时非偏振光束入射到该材料上时产生双折射。 

当光束在双折射晶体表面发生折射是，折射角与偏振方向有关。这样非偏振光束在非垂直入射到材料中的情况下分为两个线性偏振的光（双折射）。当非偏振光射向一个物体，如果采用双折射晶体看该物体，会出现两个像。 

We offer a wide range of polarizers and polarization optics for a variety of employs. Deciding on the suitable polarization optic for your personal software can be a bewildering task, as we offer a wide range for a number of makes use of.

EKSMA Optics has different varieties of birefringent crystal components including various nonlinear crystals, many of our laser crystals and Raman crystals and polarizing optics crystals.

Returning to the calcite crystal offered in Determine two, the crystal is illustrated obtaining the optical axis positioned at the highest still left-hand corner. Upon coming into the crystal, the normal light wave is refracted with out deviation from the conventional incidence angle as though it have been touring as a result of an isotropic medium.